GlobalProtect Portal VPNs GlobalProtect Symptom. In addition to using a non-https Global Protect Portal, you can access an associated Gateway on a configured loopback interface. If you only have one public-facing IP address, and you wish to host SSL-based applications, such as OWA on that IP, the following information provides the configuration ...Download and install the GlobalProtect app for Android endpoints on your Chromebook. Open the Google Play Store app. Search for. GlobalProtect App. . Click the GlobalProtect app icon. Click. INSTALL. , and then follow the on-screen instructions to complete the app installation.Go to Network > GlobalProtect > Gateways > Click on "Remote Users": Under User Information - GlobalProtect Gateway (Current User), a list of the users currently connected will be displayed: Previous Users can be viewed by selecting the Previous User tab: On the CLI: Use the following command: > show global-protect-gateway current-userPAN-OS. PAN-OS Web Interface Reference. GlobalProtect. Network > GlobalProtect > Portals. GlobalProtect Portals Agent Tab. GlobalProtect Portals Agent Config Selection Criteria Tab. Download PDF.Clientless VPN Applications and Application Groups in GlobalProtect Discussions 02-27-2024; GlobalProtect credentials for RDP in GlobalProtect Discussions 02-19-2024; error: azure marketplace vm-series do not bootstrap in VM-Series in the Public Cloud 12-07-2023; Palo alto - VM series - vCPU Count in VM-Series in the Public Cloud 12-03-2023Uninstall GlobalProtect from Windows 'Program and Features' or 'Apps and Features'. Make sure that the virtual adapter in not present in the Network adapter settings. Make sure that the following folders are not present.I am thinking my steps would be: - Set Agent upgrade to disabled (for now). - Activate 4.0.6. - Download the .msi (or package). - Upload to a test webserver or test individually until satisfied. - Set Agent upgrade to manual (or whatever) to get the user clients updated.There seems to be a bit of an issue connecting to Globalprotect after our windows machines have the latest microsoft cumulative updates, KB5018410 (windows 10) and KB5018418 (windows 11). Looking in reddit it looks like other users are seeing the same problem as well, anyone got any ideas on how to ...Description. GPC-19499. On Linux endpoints, the Firefox browser stops working when you try to connect the GlobalProtect app with the SAML default browser. GPC-17099. Fixed in GlobalProtect app 6.1.2. When the GlobalProtect app for Windows is upgraded to version 6.1.1, devices with Driver Verifier enabled and configured to monitor the PAN ...Configure Kerberos Single Sign-On. To configure SAML single sign-on (SSO) and single logout (SLO), you must register the firewall and the IdP with each other to enable communication between them. If the IdP provides a metadata file containing registration information, you can import it onto the firewall to register the IdP and to create an IdP ...1 accepted solution. 03-07-2019 08:11 AM. 03-06-2019 11:03 PM. You may be guessing wrong, i would check the portal app settings on the firewall to see if you are allowed to do what you hope to do. you may be set to always on and denied change portal address, this will overide any previous settings on connection.Use the following procedure to connect to your LDAP directory to enable the firewall to retrieve user-to-group mapping information: Create an LDAP Server Profile that specifies how to connect to the directory servers to which the firewall should connect to obtain group mapping information. Select. Device. Server Profiles.Check out how some of the latest features introduced in GlobalProtect 6.2 excel at accomplishing exactly that! Conditional Connect Method for Global Protect The Conditional Connect Method is a game-changing feature that dynamically adjusts the connection method based on the user's location.下载GlobalProtect(GP ) 来自客户支持门户的代理 Environment. 帕洛阿尔托网络产品。 GlobalProtect (GP ） 代理人。 Procedure. 打开网络浏览器并导航到客户支持门户. 使用有效的支持帐户登录。 在左窗格中，导航到更新并选择软件更新.After receiving the client certificate from the enterprise PKI, the portal transparently deploys the client certificate to the satellite device. The satellite device then presents the client certificate to the portal or gateway for authentication. Create a SCEP profile. Select. Device.To simplify the login process and improve your experience, GlobalProtect offers Connect Before Logon to allow you to establish the VPN connection to the corporate network before logging in to the Windows 10 endpoint using a Smart card, authentication service such as LDAP, RADIUS, or Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML), username/password-based authentication, or one-time password (OTP ...GlobalProtect. For mobile or roaming users, the GlobalProtect endpoint provides the user mapping information to the firewall directly. In this case, every GlobalProtect user has an app running on the endpoint that requires the user to enter login credentials for VPN access to the firewall. This login information is then added to the User-ID ...Palo Alto Networks' latest blog post revealed more information about the nature of CVE-2024-3400, specifically that exploiting it involves two stages chaining two flaws in the GlobalProtect feature.GlobalProtect introduces a modern approach to enterprise security that incorporates mobile computing into the overall enterprise security strategy. GlobalProtect begins with a familiar mobile security technology - the remote access VPN. GlobalProtect agent automatically connects the user to the PALO ALTO NETWORKS: GlobalProtect DatasheetThis document describes how to effectively exclude domains from a GlobalProtect tunnel. Exclude Domains From GlobalProtect Tunnel. 31380. Created On 04/16/20 03:37 AM - Last Modified 11/03/20 23:17 PM ... Palo Alto Firewall. GlobalProtect configured. Cause. YouTube loads content from other sources and just not youtube.com. To verify, before ...GPC-16575. Fixed an issue where GlobalProtect users were intermittently unable to log in to the gateway when using the user logon connect method because Enforce GlobalProtect Connection for Network Access was enabled immediately after portal login, blocking access to the gateway login URL. GPC-16504.This would only install the route on the firewall that needs it. Another way I thought of doing it is a portal and gateway on firewall 1, and a portal and a gateway on firewall 2. Then in my DNS, the portal DNS record (vpn.domain.com) answers with both portals and the gateway DNS record (gw.domain.com) answers with both gateways.The NCSC provides a range of guidance, services and tools to help your organisation secure systems. Follow NCSC guidance including vulnerability management and preventing lateral movement . If your organisation is in the UK, you can sign up to the free NCSC Early Warning service to receive notifications of potential cyber attacks on your network.We are currently switching our VPN client from Cisco AnyConnect to PAN GlobalProtect (onDemand) and have a similar problem with ConfigMgr Agent 1910 and PAN GlobalProtect 5.0.9-15. SCCM in general is working e.g. (un)installing selfservice packages, but new advertisements will not become visible in SoftwareCenter and will also not installed.Volexity would like to thank Palo Alto Networks for their partnership, cooperation, and rapid response to this critical issue. Their research can be found here. …Hi there, I have multiple client authentication configurations set up on my GlobalProtect portal which use the same OS type. Order is as follows: 1 - Windows OS with local auth on the firewall. 2 - Windows OS with LDAP auth. What i want to achieve is if authentication fails with local auth, it...Use the following instructions to configure GlobalProtect to retrieve host information from devices managed by Workspace ONE. Install the User-ID Agent. The User-ID agent must be in a location that enables secure connections to the VMware Workspace ONE Mobile Device Management (MDM) system. The Workspace ONE MDM integration service is included ...Palo Alto Firewall. GlobalProtect configured. Cause. PAN-OS (PAN-OS 7.1-9.0) does not have a predefined or custom report capability to create a report for previously logged in GlobalProtect users. Resolution. As shown below, previously logged in GlobalProtect users can be seen in real time under Network > GlobalProtect > Gateways.May 22, 2019 · Instructions for Installing the Palo Alto GlobalProtect VPN Client. After downloading the file, navigate to your Downloads folder and locate the .msi file. Double-click it to begin the installation. Follow the prompts given to you by the setup wizard. If a Windows Security prompt pops up, please click " Allow ". Extend consistent security policies. Seamlessly implement industry-leading security controls and inspection across all mobile application traffic, regardless of where – or how – users and devices connect. Read the datasheet.GlobalProtect Agent software protects internet access, cloud access, and data center access from cyber-attacks and phishing. This technology protects workstations for remote employees by redirecting the use of cloud or data centers through company firewalls. ... Palo Alto Networks : .,,)..,,).,,).,,)..,,). - The information contained on this ...Background. In customer deployments that use GlobalProtect for remote access, customers often configure and apply security profiles such as vulnerability …Extend consistent security policies. Seamlessly implement industry-leading security controls and inspection across all mobile application traffic, regardless of where – or how – users and devices connect. Read the datasheet.From Workspace ONE. —You can deploy the GlobalProtect app for Android on managed Chromebooks that are enrolled with Workspace ONE. After you deploy the app, configure and deploy a VPN profile to set up the GlobalProtect app for end users automatically. To deploy the GlobalProtect app for Android on managed Chromebooks using Workspace ONE, see ...Configure the GlobalProtect portal as follows: Before you begin to configure the portal, make sure you: Create the interfaces (and zones) for the firewall where you plan to configure the portal. Set up the portal server certificate, gateway server certificate, SSL/TLS service profiles, and, optionally, any client certificates to deploy to end ...01-08-2021 05:59 PM. Two different users reported problems when connecting to GlobalProtect when using an iPhone as a hotspot. The users can connect to GP, but are then unable to use HTTPS or ssh to connect to internal assets via the VPN. If the user uses the same laptop and connects via wifi (not using hotspot), GP works fine.Should I be concerned? in GlobalProtect Discussions 04-04-2024; Global Protect users are unable to access SQL database which hosted in Azure in GlobalProtect Discussions 04-03-2024; How to Internalize Palo Alto Global Protect? in GlobalProtect Discussions 03-20-2024; Global Protect Disconnects Frequently in GlobalProtect Discussions 03-20-2024App Behavior Options. The following table lists the options that you can configure in the Windows Registry and macOS plist to customize the behavior of the GlobalProtect app. Some settings do not have a corresponding portal configuration setting on the web interface and must be configured using the Windows Registry, Msiexec, or macOS plist ...PAN-OS. PAN-OS Web Interface Reference. GlobalProtect. Network > GlobalProtect > Portals. GlobalProtect Portals Agent Tab. GlobalProtect Portals Agent Config Selection Criteria Tab. Download PDF.Download and Install the GlobalProtect App for Linux. GlobalProtect™ is a program that runs on your endpoint (desktop computer, laptop, or server) to protect you by using the same security policies that protect the sensitive resources in your corporate network. GlobalProtect™ secures your intranet, private cloud, public cloud, and internet ... Download the GlobalProtect app for Linux. Obtain the app package from your IT administrator and then copy the TGZ file to the Linux endpoint. For example, if you downloaded the package to a macOS endpoint, you can open a terminal and then copy the file: macUser@mac:~$. This document describes the GlobalProtect Agent Upgrade Process. How to Upgrade - GlobalProtect Agent Upgrade Process. 365734. Created On 09/25/18 20:40 PM - Last Modified 01/16/24 21:19 PM ... Download and install the GlobalProtect Client on the Palo Alto Networks firewall.WE have a problem with globalprotect- The users sometimes need to disable the globalprotect client in order to connect to another VPN. Later - 137284The GlobalProtect app now includes native support for Prisma Access explicit proxy to provide always-on internet security and seamless co-existence with third-party VPNs. This solution secures internet-bound traffic from your mobile users, even if users disconnect the GlobalProtect app. To achieve this, the GlobalProtect app now provides two ...In order for the GlobalProtect app to send troubleshooting logs, diagnostic logs, or both to Cortex Data Lake for further analysis, you must configure the GlobalProtect portal to enable the GlobalProtect app log collection for troubleshooting.Additionally, you can configure the HTTPS-based destination URLs that can contain IP addresses or fully qualified domain names of the web servers ...User Behavior Options. The following table lists the options that you can configure in the Windows registry and macOS plist to customize how the user interacts with the GlobalProtect app. Some settings do not have a corresponding portal configuration setting on the web interface and must be configured using the Windows Registry, Msiexec, or ...GlobalProtect App for Windows. GlobalProtect™ is an application that runs on your endpoint (desktop computer, laptop, tablet, or smart phone) to protect you by using the same security policies that protect the sensitive resources in your corporate network. GlobalProtect™ secures your data center, private cloud, public cloud, and internet ...Captures on the Palo Alto Networks firewall for unencrypted traffic can help find out if firewall is sending the packets out towards the resources and if it is getting any response. 6) Check whether the Firewall is getting the IP-User Mapping from the GlobalProtect client.Deploy machine certificates to GlobalProtect endpoints for authentication by using a public-key infrastructure (PKI) to issue and distribute machine certificates to each endpoint or generating a self-signed machine certificate. Configure an authentication profile to authenticate the user and follow a workflow to create and deploy the client certificate to the endpoint. connect method and you are logging in to GlobalProtect for the first time, select the client certificate from a list of valid certificates from the. Certificate. drop-down to authenticate with the portal or gateway. Launch the GlobalProtect app by clicking the system tray icon. En este artículo, aprenda a configurar con instrucciones paso a GlobalProtect paso y encuentre vínculos a artículos actualizados. Cómo configurar GlobalProtect. 887718. Created On 09/25/18 17:27 PM - Last Modified 03/26/21 16:23 PM ... Palo Alto Networks recomienda configurar autenticación básica. Cuando todo se ha probado, agregar ...If you are a customer of Palo Alto Networks, a leader in cybersecurity protection and software, you can access the support portal to get help, manage your account, and access resources. The support portal offers you the best-in-class service and guidance from our world-renowned threat research team and security experts.GlobalProtect. GlobalProtect extiende la protección característica del cortafuegos de nueva generación de Palo Alto Networks a sus trabajadores itinerantes, allí donde estén. A medida que los usuarios y las aplicaciones se aventuran más allá del perímetro tradicional de la red, el mundo que necesita proteger es cada vez más grande. Los ...GlobalProtect disconnecting the RDP connection when trying to connect in General Topics 04-10-2024 Problem Using New Digitally Signed Certificate in GlobalProtect Discussions 04-03-2024 Connect Before Logon + Enforce GlobalProtect for Network Access + Captive portal in General Topics 03-26-2024Uninstall the GlobalProtect App for Windows Use the following steps to uninstall the GlobalProtect app from your Windows endpoint . Keep in mind that by uninstalling the app, you no longer have VPN access to your corporate network and your endpoint will not be protected by your company's security policies.Creating Netskope Address Objects. In this step, create address objects and map it to Netskope IP ranges to be excluded from the Palo Alto GlobalProtect tunnel. The list of IP ranges for Palo Alto GlobalProtect tunnel bypass is listed here. In the following example, Netskope Range 1 is an address object for IP range 8.36.116./24.For Chromebook and other Chrome OS devices, use Android App 5.0 or later version to get GlobalProtect app features introduced in GlobalProtect app 5.0 and later releases. (Refer also to the end-of-life (EoL) information for the GlobalProtect app.)GPC-16575. Fixed an issue where GlobalProtect users were intermittently unable to log in to the gateway when using the user logon connect method because Enforce GlobalProtect Connection for Network Access was enabled immediately after portal login, blocking access to the gateway login URL. GPC-16504.I have a PA-800 with global protect configured in an internal network. A 1to1 NAT has been setup to map a public IP address to the internal IP address of the external interface of the PA. The 1to1 NAT is on a Cisco ASA5508X with direct passthrough on 443. I set the same internal IP address on the portal and the gateway.Creating Netskope Address Objects. In this step, create address objects and map it to Netskope IP ranges to be excluded from the Palo Alto GlobalProtect tunnel. The list of IP ranges for Palo Alto GlobalProtect tunnel bypass is listed here. In the following example, Netskope Range 1 is an address object for IP range 8.36.116./24. Locate the GlobalProtect app customization settings in the Windows Registry. Open the Windows Registry (enter. regedit. on the command prompt) and go to: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Palo Alto Networks\GlobalProtect\Settings\. Set the portal name. If you do not want the end user to manually enter the portal address even for the first connection ... Test the login page. —Open a web browser and go to the URL for your portal (do not add the :4443 port number to the end of the URL or you will be directed to the web interface for the firewall). For example, enter. https://myportal. rather than. https://myportal:4443. The new portal login page will display.The name of the virtual system associated with the session; only valid on firewalls enabled for multiple virtual systems. The hostname of the firewall on which the session was logged. A unique identifier for a virtual system on a Palo Alto Networks firewall. View GlobalProtect log field information using syslog.Learn how to download, install, use, disable, and uninstall the GlobalProtect app for Windows, a VPN client that protects your network traffic. Find out how to fix a Microsoft installer conflict and access your company's resources from anywhere.To properly configure the external gateway information for the portal config, navigate to: Network > GlobalProtect > Portals > Portal profile > Agent tab > Agent config profile > External tab. Make sure that you add both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. NOTE: Gateway selection based on source location for IPv6 is NOT supported.Examples. Some of the commands are listed below with the expected outputs. > show global-protect-gateway flow total tunnels configured: 1 filter - type GlobalProtect-Gateway, state any total GlobalProtect-Gateway tunnel shown: 1 id name local-i/f local-ip tunnel-i/f ----- 2 gp-gateway-N ethernet1/3 10.30.6.26 tunnel.26In the context of GlobalProtect, this profile is used to specify GlobalProtect portal/gateway's "server certificate" and the SSL/TLS "protocol version range". If same interface serves as both portal and gateway, you can use the same SSL/TLS profile for both portal/gateway. ... If the server cert needs to be generated on the Palo Alto Networks ...The basic configuration of a GlobalProtect Portal and Gateway with the Pre-logon method. Basic GlobalProtect Configuration with Pre-logon. 532600. Created On 09/25/18 17:18 PM - Last Modified 10/15/22 03:27 AM. GlobalProtect Gateway ... Palo Alto Firewalls;Palo Alto Networks provides support for MFA vendors through Applications content updates. ... For remote user authentication to GlobalProtect portals or gateways or for administrator authentication to the PAN-OS or Panorama web interface, you can only use MFA vendors supported through RADIUS or SAML; MFA services through vendor APIs are not ...Two-Factor Authentication. For enhanced security, you can configure the portal or gateway to use a client certificate to obtain the username and authenticate the user before granting access to the system. To authenticate the user, one of the certificate fields, such as the Subject Name field, must identify the username.Approximately 22,500 exposed Palo Alto GlobalProtect firewall devices are likely vulnerable to the CVE-2024-3400 flaw, a critical command injection vulnerability that has been actively exploited ...En este artículo, aprenda a configurar con instrucciones paso a GlobalProtect paso y encuentre vínculos a artículos actualizados. Cómo configurar GlobalProtect. 887718. Created On 09/25/18 17:27 PM - Last Modified 03/26/21 16:23 PM ... Palo Alto Networks recomienda configurar autenticación básica. Cuando todo se ha probado, agregar ...En este artículo, aprenda a configurar con instrucciones paso a GlobalProtect paso y encuentre vínculos a artículos actualizados. Cómo configurar GlobalProtect. 887718. Created On 09/25/18 17:27 PM - Last Modified 03/26/21 16:23 PM ... Palo Alto Networks recomienda configurar autenticación básica. Cuando todo se ha probado, agregar ...GlobalProtect. GlobalProtect extiende la protección característica del cortafuegos de nueva generación de Palo Alto Networks a sus trabajadores itinerantes, allí donde estén. A medida que los usuarios y las aplicaciones se aventuran más allá del perímetro tradicional de la red, el mundo que necesita proteger es cada vez más grande. Los ...Host the GlobalProtect portal on the standard SSL port (TCP port 443). Non-standard ports are not supported. Configure the applications that are available using GlobalProtect Clientless VPN. The GlobalProtect portal displays these applications on the landing page that users see when they log in (the applications landing page). Select.The recommended workflow is as follows: On the firewall hosting the portal: Import a server certificate from a well-known, third-party CA. Create the root CA certificate for issuing self-signed certificates for the GlobalProtect components. Use the root CA on the portal to generate a self-signed server certificate.Does Palo Alto Networks provide any tools to easily switch among various VPN profiles? Are there any community developed tools that might help? I appreciate any helpful hints you're willing to share? 🙂. Thanks. P.S. Currently using GlobalProtect version 4.0.0-90Palo Alto Networks; Support; Live Community; Knowledge Base > About GlobalProtect Certificate Deployment. Updated on . Wed Jan 24 00:24:32 UTC 2024. Focus. Download PDF ... —Because the GlobalProtect app will be accessing the portal prior to GlobalProtect configuration, the app must trust the certificate to establish an HTTPS connection. ...Windows only. ) When you enable single sign-on (SSO), the GlobalProtect app uses the user's Windows login credentials to automatically authenticate and connect to the GlobalProtect portal and gateway. You can also configure the app to wrap third-party credentials to ensure that Windows users can authenticate and connect using a third-party ...Palo Alto Networks; Support; Live Community; Knowledge Base; PAN-OS Web Interface Reference: Using the GlobalProtect App. Updated on . Mon Jan 22 23:43:56 UTC 2024. Focus. Download PDF. Filter Version. 9.1 ... Using the GlobalProtect App. Table of Contents.However either the user needs to refresh the connection, or if you wait long enough GlobalProtect will auto refresh before it displays as connected. The system logs look like the following; <user logs into Windows, before pre-logon tunnel>. 1 globalprotectportal-auth-succ Portal user authentication succeeded. User name: xxxx.
In the. App Configurations. area, select a choice in. Allow User to Upgrade GlobalProtect App. to specify whether mobile users can upgrade their GlobalProtect app version to the active version that is hosted on Prisma Access and, if they can, whether they can choose when to upgrade: Allow with Prompt.. Ubersetzung
Common Issue 1 Users can start the GlobalProtect portal login, but nothing else happens. Troubleshooting On occasion the GlobalProtect clien. Common Issues with GlobalProtect. 339296. Created On 09/25/18 19:25 PM - Last Modified 03/15/20 00:49 AM. VPNs GlobalProtect ...Solved: I was wondering if anyone here using GlobalProtect with MFA, such as Duo, Okta or Ping. Currently, clients portal app is set to - 259154. ... Working with Palo Alto Networks products since 2015 0 Likes Likes Reply. Go to solution. MikeC. L3 Networker In response to cnygaard. Options. Mark as New; Subscribe to RSS Feed ...Mon Jan 22 23:43:56 UTC 2024. Focus. Home. PAN-OS. PAN-OS Web Interface Reference. GlobalProtect. Download PDF.You can configure up to 40 fully qualified domain names for which you want to allow access when you enforce GlobalProtect connections for network access and GlobalProtect cannot establish a connection. By configuring FQDN exclusions, you can improve the user experience by allowing end users to access specific resources when GlobalProtect is ...Learn how to download, install, use, disable, and uninstall the GlobalProtect app for Windows, a VPN client that protects your network traffic. Find out how to fix a Microsoft installer conflict and access your company's resources from anywhere.The selection of cipher suite that GlobalProtect uses to secure the SSL/TLS tunnel depend on: SSL/TLS versions accepted by the gateway. —The GlobalProtect portal and gateways can restrict the list of cipher suites available for the app using SSL/TLS profiles. On the firewall, you create the SSL/TLS profile by specifying the certificate and ...Processor. Intel Pentium 4 or later with SSE2 instruction set support. AMD Opteron/Athlon 64 or later with SSE2 instruction set support. macOS based devices with Apple Silicon M1. RAM. 512 MB minimum; 2 GB recommended. Hard disk space. 200 MB minimum (for log storage)GlobalProtect. For mobile or roaming users, the GlobalProtect endpoint provides the user mapping information to the firewall directly. In this case, every GlobalProtect user has an app running on the endpoint that requires the user to enter login credentials for VPN access to the firewall. This login information is then added to the User-ID ... GlobalProtect extends NGFW protections to your mobile workforce, no matter where they are. GlobalProtect gives visibility into all traffic, users, devices and apps, and consistently enforces security policies for remote users. With GlobalProtect, mobile users have secure, direct access to sensitive data residing in the cloud and data center. This document describes how to effectively exclude domains from a GlobalProtect tunnel. Exclude Domains From GlobalProtect Tunnel. 31380. Created On 04/16/20 03:37 AM - Last Modified 11/03/20 23:17 PM ... Palo Alto Firewall. GlobalProtect configured. Cause. YouTube loads content from other sources and just not youtube.com. To verify, before ...Hi there, I have multiple client authentication configurations set up on my GlobalProtect portal which use the same OS type. Order is as follows: 1 - Windows OS with local auth on the firewall. 2 - Windows OS with LDAP auth. What i want to achieve is if authentication fails with local auth, it...The GlobalProtect app is supported on common desktops, laptops, tablets, and smart phones. We recommend that you configure GlobalProtect on firewalls running PAN-OS 6.1 or later releases and that your end users install only supported releases of the GlobalProtect app on their endpoints. The minimum GlobalProtect app release varies by operating ...The GlobalProtect pre-logon connect method enables GlobalProtect to authenticate the agent and establish the VPN tunnel to the GlobalProtect gateway before a user logs on to a machine. This allows for internal resources to be connected or scripts executed even before a user logs in. This means that prior to the user login there is no username ....