Pied french bulldog - 3 Left in the Litter. Breed. Bernedoodle. Gender. Mixed. $1,200. Find pied French Bulldog puppies and dogs from a breeder near you. It’s also free to list your available puppies and litters on our site.

 
 Meet Bella, the captivating pied-colored French Bulldog whose presence lights up every room she enters. With her striking contrast of white fur and patches of brindle or fawn, Bella exudes elegance and charm from head to tail. Her expressive eyes gleam with intelligence and warmth, reflecting her gentle and affectionate nature. . Chicken and rice recipe for dogs

Blue Fawn Frenchie: Nina. The bridling again is determined by the K-locus. If they inherit one or two copies of the brindle gene they will express brindling in their coat making the beautiful blue brindle French Bulldog. They can express a light amount of brindle like or be like Remy here who is a reverse brindle and expresses lots of brindling ...Pied French Bulldogs have captured the hearts of dog enthusiasts worldwide, thanks to their distinctive coat patterns and amiable personalities. In this …Jun 14, 2023 · 11. Bentley: Evoking a sense of luxury and elegance, perfect for a French Bulldog with refined taste. 12. Bruno: A strong and masculine name that suits the breed’s muscular build and confident presence. 13. Buster: Reflecting a lively and spirited personality, it captures the energetic nature of a French Bulldog. 14. Pied French Bulldog Common Traits . Like brindle, pied refers to a color pattern. The pied pattern is a lighter-colored coat with darker patches. You’ll also hear this referred to as a piebald pattern. French Bulldog Color Variations .Jun 2, 2021 · Texas French Bulldog Breeders offering healthy quality colorful Blue Frenchie Puppies, Chocolate, Fawn, Lilac FrenchBulldog puppies to approved homes. We also produce variations of blue frenchie puppies, chocolate french bulldogs, fawn, lilac puppies that come with Brindle and/or Pied markings of French Bulldogs as well. Pied – A French Bulldog with a pied or piebald coat is mostly white with prominent patches usually in brindle or fawn. The Blue French Bulldog may be undesirable. A French Bulldog with a blue coat is really dilute black. To the eye, this color looks grey or gray. Some French Bulldog coat colors are linked with genetic health conditions.A merle French Bulldog is like your standard Frenchie in that it’s small in size, friendly, and one of the most loyal pets out there. What’s different about a merle French Bulldog is its show-stopping coat. While common …Wild Blue French Bulldogs is a small home-based breeder located in the Dallas/Fort Worth area in North Texas. We offer various French Bulldogs for sale in colors including Blue, Merle, Pied, Isabella, Lilac, and Blue Fawn. Our Frenchies are purebred and AKC registered. Our sweet French Bulldog puppies are raised …Wild Blue French Bulldogs is a small home-based breeder located in the Dallas/Fort Worth area in North Texas. We offer various French Bulldogs for sale in colors including Blue, Merle, Pied, Isabella, Lilac, and Blue Fawn. Our Frenchies are purebred and AKC registered. Our sweet French Bulldog puppies are raised …What is Deafness. Deafness, or hearing loss, is an all too common health problem in French Bulldogs.According to the AKC, it affects around 5 to 10 percent of dogs in the United States.. It can be present at birth due to genetic defects or develop over time as part of aging.. Deafness can also be present in one ear …Jun 28, 2023 · The cost depends on the colors of the merle French Bulldog you choose, as rarer colors cost much more. A rare colored Frenchie, like the lilac merle French Bulldog (the rarest color on the market), can cost as much as $50,000 or even more! The price will depend on where you live and how reputable the breeder is among other factors. Keep in mind ... Francoeur French Bulldogs has blue Frenchies that have been specifically bred to have a great temperament. Our puppies get love and attention from the first day of their lives. Before we ever put our blue Frenchie puppies up for sale, we ensure they get ENS (early neurological stimulation), and we use the Von Falconer Way and …The piebald French Bulldog comes in several color variations, such as brindle pied, fawn pied, blue pied, and similar. This pattern is caused by the recessive pied allele(s), meaning it takes two copies of this gene for the design to express itself on the coat. Chocolate. A chocolate French Bulldog is very rare.A merle French Bulldog is like your standard Frenchie in that it’s small in size, friendly, and one of the most loyal pets out there. What’s different about a merle French Bulldog is its show-stopping coat. While common …Colors in French Bulldogs are black, cream, blue, chocolate, cocoa, lilac, and Isabella. Patterns are brindle, pied, merle, fawn, tan points, and solid (aa). One of the most common coat patterns is brindle. Brindle creates a striping effect on the coat and varies in its coverage. The color of the stripes are fawn (fawn is … We'll know very soon, thanks to AKC's Dual Sired Litter program and the pending official AKC DNA Parentage Evaluation. This litter is owned by Gretchen Randall of Red Bottom Frenchies. Please get in touch with her directly at 702-275-2557 if you see a puppy that speaks to you. The breed standard for French bulldogs calls for a maximum weight of 28 pounds, and no official designation of a teacup variety has been determined. “Teacup” is simply a marketing ...A French Bulldog Ohio is an adorable dog that can be a bit goofy at times. Most people think this breed comes from France, but it actually was first bred in England over 200 years ago. French Bulldogs Ohio make the most wonderful companion dogs, and look like little English Bulldogs with bat ears (they’re descendants of …Blue Pied French Bulldog. Blue Pied French Bulldogs have a distinctive coat pattern that combines blue with a pied, or multi-colored, pattern. This combination creates a striking and unique appearance that sets them apart from other French Bulldogs. Beyond their looks, Blue Pied French Bulldogs are known for their sweet and friendly demeanor.Standard colors for French Bulldogs include Fawn, Brindle, Cream, White, and Black. Rare colors such as Blue, Lilac, Chocolate, Merle, and Isabella are determined by recessive genes and can be more expensive. Coat patterns like Brindle, Ticked, Piebald, Black Mask, and Solid are recognized in French Bulldogs.Is the French Bulldog the right breed for you? Learn more about the French Bulldog including personality, history, grooming, pictures, videos, and the AKC breed standard.May 7, 2022 ... ... bulldog francés https ... como es un bulldog frances pied ? "vaquita ... Los Colores del French Bulldog (Frenchie).Pied French Bulldog French Bulldogs Colors Guide: Amazing 10 French Bulldogs Colors. by Ayesha Malik February 11, 2024. by Ayesha Malik February 11, 2024. French Bulldogs come in a variety of captivating colors that make them stand out as … Pied French Bulldog Explore 6 Amazing Types Of Pied French Bulldogs Breeds: ...Nose Butter nourishes your French Bulldog's nose with layers of moisturizing butters and oils. At first Nose Butter is applied multiple times a day until their ...Pied French Bulldog. Pied is a fancy phrase that a lot of breeders use to describe their pets. This indicates that your Frenchie has a primarily white coat with a few flecks of brindle or fawn coloration throughout. If you are new to the world of french bulldogs, it might be difficult to tell the difference between brindle and fawn …Black Tricolor French Bulldog. The Black Tricolor French Bulldog has a black coat with tan and white markings. These markings can appear on the face, chest, and feet. The Black Tricolor French Bulldog is a friendly and playful dog that loves to be around children. Pied or Piebald French Bulldog. The Pied …Aug 31, 2020 · Merle French Bulldogs Are More Expensive Than Regular French Bulldogs. Because this type of French bulldog is not natural, its cost is significantly higher. These canines can be priced anywhere from $6,000-$8,000 unlike a regular French bulldog that costs around $1,500-$3,000. Besides the purchase price, merle French bulldogs are expensive to ... The pied French bulldog is a variation of the French bulldog breed, featuring a predominantly white coat adorned with patches or spots of darker hues like black, fawn, or brindle. These contrasting colors give this breed an exquisite appearance that is bound to make heads turn wherever you go.Top 50 French Bulldog Names for Boys. Tough and strong, teeny Frenchie boys will give you a run for your money with their big attitudes in little bodies. Give him a name that’ll fit his personality. Louie. …Top line French bulldog studs available for breeding now at exclusive one-off prices - don't miss out! 07312267026 [email protected]. Facebook; Instagram; Facebook; Instagram; ... Blue Pied French Bulldog Stud Tyson. General information; Type: Blue Pied. Age: 3 Years. Sex: Male. Size: Compact / Sturdy. …Blue Fawn Frenchie: Nina. The bridling again is determined by the K-locus. If they inherit one or two copies of the brindle gene they will express brindling in their coat making the beautiful blue brindle French Bulldog. They can express a light amount of brindle like or be like Remy here who is a reverse brindle and expresses lots of brindling ...Apr 12, 2023 · The pied French bulldog is a variation of the French bulldog breed, featuring a predominantly white coat adorned with patches or spots of darker hues like black, fawn, or brindle. These contrasting colors give this breed an exquisite appearance that is bound to make heads turn wherever you go. The cute single hooded pied Frenchie is a happy puppy. She is ready to play balls and has some fun! - available on Fine Art Print.Bella: Italian for ‘beautiful’, this name is a popular choice for many dog owners.5. Coco: Reflects a French Bulldog’s chic and stylish personality.6. Leroy: Literally meaning ‘the king’ in French, this name is suitable for a male French Bulldog with a commanding presence.7.January 26, 2024. |. David Smith. The Blue Pied French Bulldog, a unique and special variation of the popular French Bulldog breed, is a true standout in the canine world. …Are you searching for a furry companion that is both adorable and full of personality? Look no further than the French Bulldog. Known for their distinctive bat-like ears and playfu...Breeze is a beautiful Black brindle Pied Frenchie. She has unique tiger brindle spots and a great frenchie body and face. This girl is athletic, spunky and ...Pied French Bulldogs. Pied French Bulldogs are known for their striking and unique coat patterns. These adorable pups have a predominantly white coat with patches of another color, such as black, brindle, or fawn. The distribution and size of the color patches can vary greatly from dog to dog, making each pied …The French Bulldog Colors explained. French Bulldogs come in a variety of colors. French bulldog breeders have been breeding these dogs over the years to create new colors as well as to maintain some of the traditional ones. The standard colors, according to the American Kennel Club, are Brindle, Brindle & …Sep 2, 2022 ... In This Video I Will Explain To You Why Breeders constantly Say No Pied No Brindle and The Differences between a Pied and a Brindle French ...Pied French Bulldogs, also known as multicolored or harlequin French Bulldogs, stand out in the canine world due to their captivating coat patterns. Beyond their aesthetics, these dogs are known for their friendly disposition and compact size, making them popular choices for both families and individuals.Discover adorable French Bulldog puppies at BlueHaven French Bulldog. Browse our available pups and bring home your new furry friend. BlueHaven French Bulldogs. [email protected]; 435-770-5708 Call or Text ... Fawn pied Frenchies are basic white and contain various numbers and patterns of fawn patches (which patches can be ...The French Bulldog resembles a Bulldog in miniature, except for the large, erect 'bat ears' that are the breed's trademark feature. The head is large and square, with heavy wrinkles rolled above ...Mar 13, 2021 ... Ready for your French Bulldog puppy? Before owning a French Bulldog watch our videos & discover various French Bulldog colors.Francoeur French Bulldogs has blue Frenchies that have been specifically bred to have a great temperament. Our puppies get love and attention from the first day of their lives. Before we ever put our blue Frenchie puppies up for sale, we ensure they get ENS (early neurological stimulation), and we use the Von Falconer Way and …Cream French Bulldogs are just an exquisite classic color. Who doesn’t love the creaminess with the deep dark eyes? The cream coloring comes from the genes the Frenchie inherits on the E Locus called the reverse yellow locus. Lower case e signifies the cream trait. Upper case E signifies the Frenchie did not inherit the trait.The Brindle Pied French Bulldog has a white coat with brindle spots and a striking contrast between the two colors. Cost: $4000 Types of brindle pied : Brindle is a coat color pattern in dogs, including French bulldogs, where the coat has a tiger-stripe or streak appearance with a mixture of dark and light shades. While …Breed OverviewCharacteristicsOrigin & HistoryRecognitionFacts. The Fawn French Bulldog is a French Bulldog with a tan coat that ranges from dark to light with hints of red in it. While French Bulldogs can come in many colors and patterns, Fawn is a color that is accepted by the American Kennel Club (AKC) as …About. Producing French Bulldogs with beautiful confirmation and health since 2001. We pride ourselves on the quality of Frenchie and service provided. We believe a happy Frenchie makes the best companion. French bulldogs are what we know best! French Bulldog Texas offers the widest variety of colors and patterns you will …January 26, 2024. |. David Smith. The Blue Pied French Bulldog, a unique and special variation of the popular French Bulldog breed, is a true standout in the canine world. …Aug 14, 2020 ... This adorable little pied French Bulldog boy is 11 weeks old and leaving soon for his forever home. He is a brother to the little brindle ...French Bulldog Colors Piebald. The piebald, or pied, French Bulldog colors are considered somewhat of a stretch goal to serious breeders. It is a challenge to breed pied puppies reliably! To further complicate matters, it is possible to have a Frenchie who sports more than one color pattern, such as a piebald … Blue sable Pied French Bulldog. Sable has dark-colored hair spread evenly between the fawn hair, giving the coat dark tips. A blue sable Pied French Bulldog has a white coat with sable patches. The dark hairs on those sable patches are blue instead of black, and the color is also present on the Frenchie’s eyes, nose, and lips. The French Bulldog resembles a Bulldog in miniature, except for the large, erect 'bat ears' that are the breed's trademark feature. The head is large and square, with heavy wrinkles rolled above ...The French Bulldog is an old breed and among the most popular worldwide. Due to their increasing popularity and demand, breeders have experimented to create many new types. ... and pied—as well as any other color except those that constitute disqualification. All the major kennel and breeders …The pied French bulldog is a variation of the French bulldog breed, featuring a predominantly white coat adorned with patches or spots of darker hues like black, fawn, or brindle. These contrasting colors give this breed an exquisite appearance that is bound to make heads turn wherever you go.Nov 17, 2023 · Pied French Bulldogs have captured the hearts of dog enthusiasts worldwide, thanks to their distinctive coat patterns and amiable personalities.. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the history, characteristics, and care essentials for these endearing companions. Coming from a breed in which only solid colors are acceptable, we’ll defer to experts on this: “Pied” and/or “Irish” are terms that identify a particular coat pattern. When a dog is at least 50% colored, or …Merle French Bulldog is a stunning and unique color variation of the traditional French Bulldog breed. This gives the merle blue french Bulldog a striking, almost psychedelic appearance that will turn heads. In addition to blue pied merle french bulldog eye-catching coat, Merle French Bulldogs also have a …Top 50 French Bulldog Names for Boys. Tough and strong, teeny Frenchie boys will give you a run for your money with their big attitudes in little bodies. Give him a name that’ll fit his personality. Louie. …French Bulldog Image Gallery. The one-of-a-kind French Bulldog, with his large bat ears and even disposition, is one of the world’s most popular small-dog breeds, especially among city dwellers ...Mar 21, 2022 · A pied French bulldog is a dog whose coat colour is predominantly white, with clearly marked patches in another, darker colour covering parts of the body, head, or both. How the pattern is distributed and what proportion of the coat is white versus a darker colour can be quite variable from dog to dog, and French bulldog breeders often put a ... The price of a French Bulldog puppy typically ranges from $1,500 to $3,000. The price of a French Bulldog decreases from Merle, Lilac, and Isabella to fawn, brindle, and white. Isabella. That even the ‘pure’ white French Bulldog is technically a “pied” dog is a fact that may come as a surprise to you.Black and White Spotted French Bulldog. Some Black and White Pied French Bulldogs have spotting in addition to their normal black patches. Spotting is otherwise known as “ticking” which are small flecks of color throughout their coat that look something like freckles. The spotting is usually located on their legs and paws.Blue Fawn French Bulldogs are an exotic color and very popular among Frenchie owners. They carry two genes for the fawn color but also have the same double recessive genes as pied and blues. Their base coat is a beautiful fawn shade with blue (soft grey) features around their “mask,” the face, the eyes, and over the ears and forehead.3. Piebald French Bulldog Pattern. The Piebald is a pattern, not a color, on the French Bulldog. A Pied Frenchie has a pattern of pigmented patches on a hair background that is unpigmented or white. Often Piebald is referred to as a ‘deleted gene.’ For a visibly Pied French Bulldog to be created, you’ll need two copies of the S gene (s/s).Sep 2, 2022 ... In This Video I Will Explain To You Why Breeders constantly Say No Pied No Brindle and The Differences between a Pied and a Brindle French ...The cute single hooded pied Frenchie is a happy puppy. She is ready to play balls and has some fun! - available on Fine Art Print.Oct 30, 2020 ... Affectionate, cheery and even-tempered. French Bulldogs know how to brighten up a room and make you smile. They love family time and don't ...Sep 28, 2022 ... Amazing fluffy French bulldogs. Jul 5, 2023 · 88 views ; Cute fluffy frenchies. Jul 5, 2023 · 871 views ; Blue and tan (atat) female carry fluffy, ...Harvey Chocolate Pie "Harvey" Hi, I'm Harvey! I am the original Sterling Frenchie. Harvey is a Chocolate Pied Stud that carries blue and the "a" gene.Apr 21, 2023 · The price of a Blue Pied French Bulldog can vary depending on factors such as the breeder’s reputation, location, and the puppy’s pedigree. Generally, Blue Pied Frenchies can cost anywhere from $2,500 to $7,000 or more. It’s crucial to research and choose a responsible breeder to ensure the health and well-being of your new puppy. The French Bulldog is a small counterpart of the Bulldog, but it has large erect ears, rounded at the tips, that resemble those of a bat. Its skull is flat between the ears and domed above the eyes, and the expression is typically alert, rather than morose as in the Bulldog. A valued companion and watchdog, the …Francoeur French Bulldogs has blue Frenchies that have been specifically bred to have a great temperament. Our puppies get love and attention from the first day of their lives. Before we ever put our blue Frenchie puppies up for sale, we ensure they get ENS (early neurological stimulation), and we use the Von Falconer Way and …Sep 11, 2020 · 👉 Understanding french bulldog or frenchton coat color might seem hard, but it's actually pretty simple! Today we go over Pied French Bulldog color! Do you ... Pied French Bulldog Price: $3700. Deposit: $300. Available**: May 4, 2021. Pickup: Colorado Springs or Missouri*. *Many families drive from areas such as Memphis, Arkansas, Illinois, and Louisiana to pick up their puppies in Rogersville, MO. We can also meet you at the Colorado Springs or Springfield, MO airport.French Bulldog Coat Markings. In addition to a variety of coat colors, there are also “markings” that your Frenchie can have such as a black mask, piebald, ticked, etc. French Bulldog Markings officially recognized by the AKC are… Piebald— A coat with large areas of white, mixed with patches of any other color. …Available French bulldog puppies (USA and worldwide) with adorable looks and lovely attitude - Check out our cute available Frenchie puppies! Skip to content ... Blue Pied French Bulldog. Average price: Boys: 4,690-5,490 USD --- Girls: 4,990-5,990 USD. More info. Lilac French Bulldog.But outside of color, he feels they can be easily distinguished as the Frenchie has more substance and heavier bone, a pear-shaped body, and a wider range of colors and markings. “The Boston ...The brindle French Bulldog is a classic elegant coloring. Let’s talk about the genetics on how you get the brindle coloring. We will look at the K Locus where the brindling gene is inherited. If they inherit one or two brindle genes Kbr then they will express brindling.The French Bulldog is a small counterpart of the Bulldog, but it has large erect ears, rounded at the tips, that resemble those of a bat. Its skull is flat between the ears and domed above the eyes, and the expression is typically alert, rather than morose as in the Bulldog. A valued companion and watchdog, the …What is a Pied French Bulldog? Characteristics of a Piebald Coat. How Does the Pied Pattern Occur? Distribution of Pigment. Absence of Pigment. Variation in …You can also try to eliminate the allergen, such as wiping off your pet’s paws and belly when they come in from outside. More potent medications that may be used at your vet’s recommendation include Apoquel and Cytopoint, which help to interrupt the allergen cycle. 6. French Bulldog skin bumps due to fleas.In this ultimate guide we’ll cover questions like the average French Bulldog price, why Frenchies are more expensive compared to other dog breeds, and we’ll also share detailed information about our puppies’ prices and the services included in them. ... Black (Brindle, Pied, Tan), Red(Pied, Fawn), (Blue, Lilac) Fawn, (Red, …Since the Merle French Bulldog is a relatively new breed, there are really no records of it throughout history. However, the Merle is a cross between a French Bulldog and a Merle Chihuahua. ... Isabella, chocolate, pied, black, and fluffy. The rarest variety is the Isabella Merle French Bulldog: they have a rare …We raise champion sired, standard colored, & rare colored French Bulldog puppies. We have specialized in champion sired puppies since 2001 with our original male Gabrielle. Now we are proud to have 3 champion males and females who are championed sired. Not only do we love the standard colors coming in fawn, … Blue sable Pied French Bulldog. Sable has dark-colored hair spread evenly between the fawn hair, giving the coat dark tips. A blue sable Pied French Bulldog has a white coat with sable patches. The dark hairs on those sable patches are blue instead of black, and the color is also present on the Frenchie’s eyes, nose, and lips. Mar 13, 2021 ... Ready for your French Bulldog puppy? Before owning a French Bulldog watch our videos & discover various French Bulldog colors.

About this breed. The French Bulldog can claim part of its ancestry in Great Britain, going back to the 1850s when a dwarf Bulldog breed known as the Toy Bulldog was popular in some parts of the country. Nottingham lace makers, threatened by redundancy in the Industrial Revolution, emigrated to Northern France, taking their dogs with them. . Waitomo glowworm caves new zealand

pied french bulldog

In this ultimate guide we’ll cover questions like the average French Bulldog price, why Frenchies are more expensive compared to other dog breeds, and we’ll also share detailed information about our puppies’ prices and the services included in them. ... Black (Brindle, Pied, Tan), Red(Pied, Fawn), (Blue, Lilac) Fawn, (Red, …A Pied or Piebald French Bulldog is a small dog with short legs and large heads and typically weighing between 10 and 25 pounds. They can be black, white, or brown in color. with a white coat that features large dark-colored patches on different parts of the body. Piebald means to have irregular patches of two … See moreThe piebald French Bulldog comes in several color variations, such as brindle pied, fawn pied, blue pied, and similar. This pattern is caused by the recessive pied allele(s), meaning it takes two copies of this gene for the design to express itself on the coat. Chocolate. A chocolate French Bulldog is very rare.The French Bulldog's affectionate, easy-going temperament is one of the most appealing features for many owners. Frenchies are very adaptable, so they make great pets for first-time dog owners. ... Meet Buttercup, the enchanting pied merle French Bulldog whose unique coat mirrors the beauty of a springtime meadow. With a mesmerizing blend of ...Are you searching for a furry companion that is both adorable and full of personality? Look no further than the French Bulldog. Known for their distinctive bat-like ears and playfu...Find French Bulldog's temperament, exercise, health, do they shed & more on PetsForHomes. Free to post an ad. ... 1 Irish pied boy 1 lilac fawn boy 2 red fawn sable girls 3 lilac girls 0404164887. Julie. French Bulldog – Delahey. pure French bulldog puppies for sale. Blue and Tan, lilac and Tan Gorgeous Healthy …The females are even more of an investment. The fluffy female French Bulldogs cost $4,500 to $16,000. Yowsers! As if that sticker shock wasn’t enough, you might see those numbers climb from breeders with top-quality lineages. I paid $4,500 for my short-haired French Bulldog to put that in perspective.Jun 28, 2023 · The cost depends on the colors of the merle French Bulldog you choose, as rarer colors cost much more. A rare colored Frenchie, like the lilac merle French Bulldog (the rarest color on the market), can cost as much as $50,000 or even more! The price will depend on where you live and how reputable the breeder is among other factors. Keep in mind ... Wild Blue French Bulldogs is a small home-based breeder located in the Dallas/Fort Worth area in North Texas. We offer various French Bulldogs for sale in colors including Blue, Merle, Pied, Isabella, Lilac, and Blue Fawn. Our Frenchies are purebred and AKC registered. Our sweet French Bulldog puppies are raised …How much is a pied merle French Bulldog? Merle French Bulldogs are rare, exotic and expensive. Expect prices to start at $7,500 and go up to $20,000. Be wary of breeders that have ‘cheap’ French Bulldogs because there are many French Bulldog scams out there and backyard breeders.Nov 17, 2023 · Pied French Bulldogs have captured the hearts of dog enthusiasts worldwide, thanks to their distinctive coat patterns and amiable personalities.. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the history, characteristics, and care essentials for these endearing companions. Sable French Bulldog size, height, and weight. All Frenchies belong to the small or toy size category. A blue Sable French bulldog full-grown can be as tall as 13 inches and weigh 28 pounds. The Sable male French Bulldog grows just as big as a female. Here’s a size chart for both male and female Sable French Bulldogs..

Popular Topics