Roof decking - The most common types of roof decking used for secure roofing are Plank, Sheet, Wood, Concrete, and Metal Decking. You can use plank decking for wide spans …

 
Mar 13, 2023 · A roof deck is a layer of material that is installed over the roof’s framing to provide a flat, level surface for the roofing materials to be applied to. It serves as a structural foundation for the roof and supports the weight of the roof and any additional loads such as snow or wind. Roof decking also helps to create a rigid, stable ... . Merrily we roll along review

Rooftop decks can provide extended living space and a place to relax and recharge. Designing a rooftop deck to be as comfortable and durable as possible is key to having peace of mind and actually enjoying the space. Much like roof tiles and shingles, roof deck flooring will receive constant exposure to sun, wind, rain, hail, and falling debris.Types of Roof Decking Materials & Associated Cost. In Central Kentucky, common types of roof decking materials include: · Plywood: Often made of multiple layers of thin wood veneers glued together, plywood provides strength, durability, and resistance to moisture. Plywood with a minimum thickness of 5/8 inch is …Fourth Level Deck: Clear View. The rooftop deck's brick wall incorporates a crisp, geometric railing for sophistication and screening. Brick extends to the fireplace, while ipe wood flooring borrows the same design theme as the lower deck. Plush seating creates a relaxing place to take in sweeping views.The roof deck is the structural foundation of your roof. It’s what the shingles or other roofing material attach to, providing stability and protection from the elements. Roof … Polyurea Coating. Physical Properties. R-40 Exrtusion. C-60 Exrtusion. Rooftop Deck System is Class A fire rated. Aluminum decking, railing and framing with adjustable pedestals are ideal for rooftop deck applications. Ideal for commercial decking applications. A strong, resilient roof is a home’s first line of defense when the roof deck is exposed to weather. ZIP System roof assembly combines our revolutionary integrated sheathing and flashing tape or liquid flashing to provide a sealed roof for protection against moisture intrusion during construction or if high winds strip the roof covering away. A roof deck is installed under your roofing materials, such as shingles or tiles. It is a crucial part that helps support the materials with installation on top of the building’s trusses over the rafters. This guide covers everything you need to know about roof decking, its purpose, whether roof decking should be replaced, and other vital ...For most residential roof decking applications, the common standard thicknesses used are 5/8″, 3/4″, and 1″. Decking thinner than 1/2″ is generally not thick enough for sufficient strength on most roofs. On the other hand, thicker decking of 1-1/4″ or greater may be utilized in certain circumstances.T&G roof decking is also a suitable choice to use in the screened porch area. In the picture above, this element gives a significant compatibility value to the rustic style. The wood material of the roof decking looks somewhat the same with the timber used as the frames of the screened porch. Unfortunately, we cannot find any further ...There are few places in your home more comfortable than your back deck. It’s the place where you spend the morning with a cup of coffee and a good book or spend the evening barbecu...As of 2021, if plank decking has more than a 1/8” gap between the planks, your roof decking must be replaced per the manufacturer’s installation instructions before the roofing material can be installed. If your roofing contractor finds a gap larger than 1/8”, the boards will need to be replaced after your old roof …Aluminum decking, railing and framing with adjustable pedestals are ideal for rooftop deck applications. Ideal for commercial decking applications. (651) 356-1870 ... Versadeck rooftop deck systems provide turnkey solutions for your roof deck needs. We provde a design take off including everything you need from the materials, …efficient range of roof deck profiles in the UK. Huge span range from 1m to 12m. • Ten unique trapezoidal deck profiles and three structural liner tray profiles in three steel and two aluminium gauges enable effective and efficient design. • Colorcoat HPS200 Ultra® pre-finished steel soffits offer significant extra protection andInstalling OSB roof decking involves a few key guidelines: Acclimate panels for 48 hours before install to prevent expansion issues. Use minimal 1/8″ spacing between sheets and 1/4″ gaps along all framing and roof elements. Offset seams between rows and stagger all joints between panels.Eastern Fiberglass Company specializes in fiberglass deck, fiberglass roof deck, and fiberglass shower pan coatings. These fiberglass applications provide a durable walkable …Ram. 8, 1441 AH ... A Basic Guide to Roof Decking ... Roof decking, or sheathing, is the plywood base where shingles are attached. The deck acts as an important ...Dhuʻl-Q. 26, 1438 AH ... Depending on the quality of your previous roof, the age of your roof, and if you had any major leaks, you could have to replace a large amount ...Roof decking (or sheathing) is the thin layer of wood that spans the roof’s trusses and supports the shingles and other roofing materials. Most roof decking is made of plywood or oriented strand board (OSB).Roof decking, or what is otherwise known as the roof deck is a structural component of a roof that provides a foundation for the roofing materials to be installed on. Also known as roof sheathing, it is typically made of plywood or oriented strand board (OSB) that the roofer will install over the trusses or rafters.Raj. 2, 1442 AH ... If you have a standard roof pitch with roof rafters set 16'' apart, an excellent way to go about it would be to install a roof decking that's at&nbs... Metal Deck Products. Cordeck’s lines include Roof Deck, Floor Deck, and Form Deck. Our products are corrosion resistant, featuring galvanized, galvanized pre-painted, cold-rolled, pre-painted, structural-grade steels, with G90 or G60 zinc-galvanized coatings. Basic deck maintenance requires periodic washing and cleaning of any built-up mold or mildew. For wood, the surface should be treated and likely stained or painted regularly to protect the wood. Concrete pavers should be checked for cracks which should be patched immediately to prevent or slow down further damage. N Roof Deck: Type HSN3-32. Type HSN3-32 is 3” deep, 32” wide. This metal roof deck panel is an extra 8” wider than its counterpart N-24. It is often viewed as a superior panel over the N-24. It is still capable of spanning long distances due to the 3" depth, however it is an easier panel to handle over type N-24.Replacing a roof is a major home improvement project that can be expensive. Knowing the cost of replacing a roof is important for homeowners who are considering this type of projec...Aspire Pavers: An All-in-One Rooftop Deck Solution. It is the easiest flat roof decking system to install. Rather than managing a complicated pedestal installation process, Aspire Pavers use a patented grid system that allows for installation in less than 40% of the time it takes to install concrete pavers, and they are 1/3 the weight of ... Polyurea Coating. Physical Properties. R-40 Exrtusion. C-60 Exrtusion. Rooftop Deck System is Class A fire rated. Aluminum decking, railing and framing with adjustable pedestals are ideal for rooftop deck applications. Ideal for commercial decking applications. ROOF DECK. Verco Decking, Inc. is noted for its innovative development of steel roof decks including the use of mechanical sidelap connections (the PunchLok Systems). In this catalog, Verco features a complete range of systems utilizing the PunchLok II System for sidelap connections: 1½” deep PLB-36, and 3″ deep PLN3 with welds and ...Roof Decks are a great way to enjoy your outdoor space in a private and comfortable setting. Our vinyl decking is the perfect solution for your rooftop decking material as it is your waterproofing surface and walkable surface all in one. Tufdek is CGSB and ASTM approved which means that Tufdek is continually subjected to extensive … Specify durable, sustainable TECTUM ceilings for spaces requiring acoustical control and design flexibility. Add a splash of color, durability, and noise reduction to a wide variety of spaces with TECTUM walls. Find reliable, sustainable, acoustical roof decking solutions to meet the commercial construction industry’s needs. Roof decking is the material that connects to the structural components of your roof. It also serves as the flat surface for your roof’s shingles to be placed. Roof decking should be able to withstand a certain amount of weight in order to prevent a roof collapse. There are many materials used for roof decking.Class A roof assemblies include those with coverings of brick, masonry and exposed concrete roof deck. 2. Class A roof assemblies include ferrous or copper shingles or sheets, metal sheets and shingles, clay or concrete roof tile, or slate installed on noncombustible decks. 3. Class A roof assemblies include minimum 16 ounces per square foot ...Oct 11, 2021 · As such, on an average home of size 2,400 square feet, replacing roof decking will take approximately 75 sheets of plywood to replace the roof decking. This will cost you around $1,000 to $1,600 for the materials alone, considering that the average price of sheathing plywood ranges between $14 to $21 per sheet. B Deck, often referred to as BW-36, Wide Rib, 1.5B, BI, BV, or BIV, is a prominent player in metal roof decking. It’s characterized by its wide rib and 1.5″ deep metal deck profile. As the most common type of metal roof deck, B Deck’s popularity stems from its lightweight design, ease of installation, and economic benefits.Jul 24, 2021 · Felt paper, also called tar paper or builder’s paper, helps shed water that gets under the shingles, protects the asphalt shingles from the resins in the wood decking, increases a roof’s fire rating and helps keep your house dry if it rains during the job. Most roofing suppliers carry 15-lb. and 30-lb. rolls of felt. Roof deck topics covered include: Deck Foundation: Using deck supports, which are adjustable in both height and pitch, for the foundation. Deck Joists: Notching posts to fit deck band joists for added support. Composite Decking: Installing tongue and groove composite decking with hidden fasteners. Composite Railings: Assembling and …Install a Roof Under the Deck. If you have untapped space under your deck, you may be able to convert it into a dry, spacious second outdoor living area by building an under-deck roof that catches any water dripping through the deck boards and redirects it outside of the new patio area. Adding gutters, though optional, prevents the draining … How-To 9. Remove Roof Sheathing With a Modified Framing Nailer. Overdriving nails is faster and cleaner than pulling them out with a cat's paw. 10. Prep a Wood-Shingle Roof for Reroofing. A synthetic-mesh underlayment allows continuous airflow between the roof deck and the shingles. Tools & Materials 11. Lifespan and Replacement Frequency for Roof Decking. The lifespan of roof decking can vary depending on factors such as the quality of the material, climate conditions, and proper maintenance. Here in Kentucky, where extreme weather events and temperature fluctuations occur, it is advisable to inspect the roof decking periodically. Grow a vegetable garden. Most garden vegetables grow easily in planters. For root vegetables like potatoes, beets, or carrots, use planters at least 14 inches deep. Fill the bottom with gravel to facilitate drainage. For vining plants like cucumbers and tomatoes, stake a trellis in the planter or grow the vegetables in hanging pots. Instructions. Step 1. Start by determining the number of posts you need and the post spacing. Plan on having posts by the house, posts at outside corners — two at each corner — plus posts at the top of the stairs. Measure the distance between posts at two corners and divide by the distance allowed between posts.10. Rooftop Deck with Mesh Railing. Explore rooftop deck ideas with the striking addition of a mesh railing. This ash-gray rooftop deck features a concrete side table adorned with a book and reading glasses, creating a cozy reading nook. The main highlight, however, is the mesh railing. Metal roof decking is a type of steel component used in commercial and industrial buildings as a strong base for roofing systems. Metal roof decks support the weight of the roofing materials, and distribute imposed loads like wind, snow and other environmental factors while aiding in the building’s structural stability and rigidity. Decking is the foundation that creates the framing of your roof. They are wooden boards that your shingles and other elements are installed on. There are two ...A roof deck shouldn’t bounce or feel spongy when you walk on it. Sagging means the deck no longer supports the roofing material. It allows water to pool instead of draining off. Cracks. If you see zig-zag lines or splits appearing on the deck surface, it’s weakened and more prone to leaks. Cracks provide entry points for rain and snowmelt.Roof decking, also called sheathing, is the foundation of your roof that connects it to the frame of your home. It’s the base that lays on top of your attic’s …A typical roof has several openings on the top and sides of the roofing deck. Openings along the roof serve as ventilation channels to move heat and moisture out of the home and at...Azek was a very strong composite decking brand, and the acquisition put the two most popular decking technologies under one roof. Fiberon(r)- Fiberon is another strong composite decking brand with a long history. Known for offering unique grain patterns and streaking aesthetics, Fiberon composite decking is easy to find in key markets.The deck of the roof is the layer of material that the contractor will install on the top of the structural components of your roof, such as the rafters or trusses. It serves as a base for the other parts of a roof, such as underlayment and roofing materials. The roof deck is also known as roof sheathing. Without a proper deck, your roofing ...Roof decking is the material supporting your roof. In this video, you'll learn about what roof decking is, osb, plywood, and more!-----...Lighter Components For Easier Transportation To The Roof. Full-size deck tiles are often two feet by two feet or larger, and heavy. In contrast, Aspire Pavers are just eight inches long, and installation grids just 16 inches square. One of the inherent struggles in building a roof deck is getting the decking materials up to the roof.Roof Decking - Materials and Benefits. Roof decking is essential for a safe, reliable roofing system. It supports your roof under extra weight, like snow. Constructing a level roof deck will ensure the smooth installation of roofing materials. Your roof will also be safer and more accessible with a sturdy roof deck.Roof decking is an essential component of any roofing system. It provides a strong and stable base for the roofing materials and helps protect the home from the elements. Several types of roof decking are available, including OSB, plywood, and other materials. Choosing the correct type of decking for your roof and the right thickness and size ...Fourth Level Deck: Clear View. The rooftop deck's brick wall incorporates a crisp, geometric railing for sophistication and screening. Brick extends to the fireplace, while ipe wood flooring borrows the same design theme as the lower deck. Plush seating creates a relaxing place to take in sweeping views.Mar 1, 2024 · Replacement. If the damage to your roof is severe, you may need to replace it rather than repair it. Roof replacements cost anywhere from $6,700 to $80,000 depending on factors like the roof’s ... Hover Image to Zoom. $ 15 85. Limit 90 per order. OSB built for load-bearing strength in construction. OSB used for sheathing in walls, flooring, and roof decking. 20-Year transferable limited warranty. View More Details. South …Type N Roof Deck is 3″ deep. Also known as deep rib, this structural metal roof deck provides a support surface for various types of roofing materials while its deep rib profile allows this roof deck to span further distances between roofing supports. (410) …Roof sheathing or decking is the wood foundation layer that contractors use to attach shingles and other roof coverings to the home. Sheathing is a critical component of an overall roofing system. This part is commonly made from plywood or OSB and is crucial to provide a structural substrate for the installation of your roofing system ...What is Roof Decking? Roof decking, also called sheathing, is the foundation of your roofing system that connects the roof to your house. It’s the base that lays on top of the structural trusses—the “bones” of your attic—to cover the rafters and support the weight of the roofing shingles. Although you can’t see it, …There are a number of different roof deck tiles and materials to choose from, each with their own pros and cons and aesthetic benefits: Concrete. Concrete is a popular material for rooftop patio flooring because of its durability and reasonable price tag. However, concrete deck pavers are heavy, and add a significant amount of dead …Roof Deck Flooring Options. Before getting into how to build a rooftop deck, you want to know the different types of rooftop deck flooring options that you have. In general, deck flooring comes in two different styles: tiles and boards. Boards are a classic option that come in varying lengths, ranging from 8' to 20' in length.Learn what roof decking is, how it supports your roof structure, and how to choose between sheet and plank decking. Find out the signs of roof decking damage and how to replace …The deck supports a layer of rigid insulation on top of which the waterproof membrane is placed. The use of a high-density rigid membrane permits the loads from ...Oct 12, 2022 · The most common types of roof decking used for secure roofing are Plank, Sheet, Wood, Concrete, and Metal Decking. You can use plank decking for wide spans and high-pitched roofs. But, you must use a lighter sheet decking for low to mid-level spans. Sheet decking is well-insulated and provides optimal heat control in tropical areas. Specify durable, sustainable TECTUM ceilings for spaces requiring acoustical control and design flexibility. Add a splash of color, durability, and noise reduction to a wide variety of spaces with TECTUM walls. Find reliable, sustainable, acoustical roof decking solutions to meet the commercial construction industry’s needs.Aug 25, 2020 · If you are interested in a detailed write up of this process, please check out this blog post: https://www.remodelyourrv.com/how-to-install-an-epdm-roof-on-a... efficient range of roof deck profiles in the UK. Huge span range from 1m to 12m. • Ten unique trapezoidal deck profiles and three structural liner tray profiles in three steel and two aluminium gauges enable effective and efficient design. • Colorcoat HPS200 Ultra® pre-finished steel soffits offer significant extra protection andRoof decking and roof sheathing are two names for the same thing. Decking materials can include plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), wood planks, …Dec 7, 2023 · Here is the step by step guide if you have to replace roof decking of your home. Remove all roofing and debris down to expose deck boards. Pry up shingles then felt or tar paper until boards exposed. Dispose in dumpster promptly. Inspect for framing damage then replace compromised truss/rafters first. For most residential roof decking applications, the common standard thicknesses used are 5/8″, 3/4″, and 1″. Decking thinner than 1/2″ is generally not thick enough for sufficient strength on most roofs. On the other hand, thicker decking of 1-1/4″ or greater may be utilized in certain circumstances.The deck surface should be installed so that proper ventilation and adequate drainage can occur; this is critical for the long-term health of the roof and the deck. Gapping the deck boards a minimum of 1/4" is necessary to prevent pooling water on the deck surface and to allow for air to dry the water that does not drain off the roof surface ...The different metal roof deck profiles allow specifying engineers to design for specific requirements. How Wide is Metal Roof Deck? Most commonly 1.5 roof decking is 36" wide while 3.0 N deck is 24" or 32" wide. The width of metal roof decking profiles generally accounts for the overlap that is required and is often referred to as cover width.Roof Decking - Materials and Benefits. Roof decking is essential for a safe, reliable roofing system. It supports your roof under extra weight, like snow. Constructing a level roof deck will ensure the smooth installation of roofing materials. Your roof will also be safer and more accessible with a sturdy roof deck.Roof decking is a fundamental component of your home’s roofing system, providing structural support, moisture protection, insulation, and a stable surface for roofing materials. Finding a local roofing contractor who can help you maintain it is key to ensuring its longevity.Sha. 7, 1442 AH ... Oriented Strand Board – Oriented strand board is by far the most commonly used material for building roof decks. They're made up of interwoven ...Mar 28, 2022 · As of 2021, if plank decking has more than a 1/8” gap between the planks, your roof decking must be replaced per the manufacturer’s installation instructions before the roofing material can be installed. If your roofing contractor finds a gap larger than 1/8”, the boards will need to be replaced after your old roof is torn off. Typically B Decking is the ideal solution for short to medium span applications in roof, canopies, and awning construction. CSM Metal Deck’s B Deck supports construction spans from 1 foot to 11 feet in distance, depending upon the gauge and back-span condition (single, double, triple). We ship nationwide from our Houston, TX metal deck warehouse.B Deck, often referred to as BW-36, Wide Rib, 1.5B, BI, BV, or BIV, is a prominent player in metal roof decking. It’s characterized by its wide rib and 1.5″ deep metal deck profile. As the most common type of metal roof deck, B Deck’s popularity stems from its lightweight design, ease of installation, and economic benefits.Tufdek’s 2-Ply roof PVC membrane system was designed for walkable roof assemblies where the most demanding surface protection is required. Starting with an approved substrate, apply one of our proprietary adhesives and fully adhere our Tuff-Shield TX-60 reinforced base ply ensuring all panels are overlapped and hot air welded.Next, apply …Jan 19, 2022 · Roof decking is the material that connects to the structural components of your roof. It also serves as the flat surface for your roof’s shingles to be placed. Roof decking should be able to withstand a certain amount of weight in order to prevent a roof collapse. There are many materials used for roof decking. Polyurea Coating. Physical Properties. R-40 Exrtusion. C-60 Exrtusion. Rooftop Deck System is Class A fire rated. Aluminum decking, railing and framing with adjustable pedestals are ideal for rooftop deck applications. Ideal for commercial decking applications. Metal Deck Products. Cordeck’s lines include Roof Deck, Floor Deck, and Form Deck. Our products are corrosion resistant, featuring galvanized, galvanized pre-painted, cold-rolled, pre-painted, structural-grade steels, with G90 or G60 zinc-galvanized coatings.Tite Seal Roof Deck Seam Tape is ideal for sealing the seams of a plywood or OSB roof deck preventing water from entering the structure. Once the seams are taped, the roof can be covered with roofing felt, or a synthetic underlayment. It forms both a moisture and vapor barrier, and self-seals around screws, nails and fasteners. It also sticks to plywood, …1.5” ROOF DECK TYPE B. The most common metal roof deck profile is a 1.5” roof deck Type B (1.5 B, Wide Rib Deck, B Deck). In most cases, this roof deck is used in commercial flat roof applications but is also frequently used for canopies and dumpster gates. 1.5″ roof deck Type B is a versatile and reliable option for commercial and …Roof decking, also called sheathing, is the foundation of your roof that connects it to the frame of your home. It’s the base that lays on top of your attic’s …Typically B Decking is the ideal solution for short to medium span applications in roof, canopies, and awning construction. CSM Metal Deck’s B Deck supports construction spans from 1 foot to 11 feet in distance, depending upon the gauge and back-span condition (single, double, triple). We ship nationwide from our Houston, TX metal deck warehouse.Raj. 10, 1444 AH ... The roof decking is an important element of a roof's construction, as it provides the necessary support and stability for the roofing materials.As of 2021, if plank decking has more than a 1/8” gap between the planks, your roof decking must be replaced per the manufacturer’s installation instructions before the roofing material can be installed. If your roofing contractor finds a gap larger than 1/8”, the boards will need to be replaced after your old roof …As of 2021, if plank decking has more than a 1/8” gap between the planks, your roof decking must be replaced per the manufacturer’s installation instructions before the roofing material can be installed. If your roofing contractor finds a gap larger than 1/8”, the boards will need to be replaced after your old roof … Metal roof decking is a type of steel component used in commercial and industrial buildings as a strong base for roofing systems. Metal roof decks support the weight of the roofing materials, and distribute imposed loads like wind, snow and other environmental factors while aiding in the building’s structural stability and rigidity. If you’re planning a cruise on the Carnival Magic, one of the first things you’ll want to do is check out the ship’s deck plan. This can help you get a sense of where everything is...

Helps reduce attic temperature by up to 30º F. Installs like conventional roof sheathing, requiring no additional labor. Helps meet energy codes and lower HERS scores. Patented VaporVents technology prevents moisture buildup during and after construction. Backed by a 20-year transferable limited warranty.. Gypsy rose movie on netflix

roof decking

Mar 1, 2024 · Replacement. If the damage to your roof is severe, you may need to replace it rather than repair it. Roof replacements cost anywhere from $6,700 to $80,000 depending on factors like the roof’s ... Roof sheathing (or roof decking) is one of those elements. In the U.S., it is almost always composed of wood—usually OSB (oriented strand board) or plywood. OSB is lightweight, relatively inexpensive, and strong enough to resist bending or breaking should someone walk on the roof. Plywood is a bit more expensive, but is usually stronger and ...If you're getting new shingles, it doesn't always mean you need to replace your decking. But it often makes sense to replace them at the same time. If you have ...Fiberglass Decks In New Jersey. Fiberglass decking is the best option for walk-able water proof decking on your home, it is the only flat roofing material time tested to withstand …It is essential to have a solid and durable roof deck to ensure the proper installation and performance of the roofing materials. Without a solid foundation, ...Raj. 10, 1444 AH ... The roof decking is an important element of a roof's construction, as it provides the necessary support and stability for the roofing materials.Mar 13, 2023 · A roof deck is a layer of material that is installed over the roof’s framing to provide a flat, level surface for the roofing materials to be applied to. It serves as a structural foundation for the roof and supports the weight of the roof and any additional loads such as snow or wind. Roof decking also helps to create a rigid, stable ... As a rule, roof decking, also know as roof sheathing, is the foundation of any roof. It is the supporting wood, concrete, steel or other material that the shingles or tiles are placed on. Typically made of wood, concrete, or steel, roof decking is the protective layer that acts as a seal for your home. Without roof decking, your home would ... Basic deck maintenance requires periodic washing and cleaning of any built-up mold or mildew. For wood, the surface should be treated and likely stained or painted regularly to protect the wood. Concrete pavers should be checked for cracks which should be patched immediately to prevent or slow down further damage. A typical roof has several openings on the top and sides of the roofing deck. Openings along the roof serve as ventilation channels to move heat and moisture out of the home and at...Metal Roof Deck is popular because it is strong, lightweight, easy to install, and serves as the structural substrate in roof construction. When installed directly over the structural steel, it provides a solid work surface for the installation of insulation, weatherproofing and roofing materials. The most common roof decks are “A” deck ...A series of slides used as a visual aid that coordinates with an oral presentation is known as a presentation deck. A presentation slide deck is a visual aid or collection of slide...May 15, 2023 · On a low-slope roof, the correct term is “roof decking” or “roof deck”. Due to its common use in residential pitched-roof construction, “roof sheathing” also connotes the use of wood products such as planks, OSB panels, or plywood. “Roof decking”, on the other hand, can be plywood, OSB, wood planks, steel panels, concrete ... To get a 100% free roof quote, enter your zip code above and fill out a simple estimate request form on the next page. Supported Roof Types: Our calculator will estimate your total roofing cost installed, including the cost of materials, labor, and warranty for any major type of roof including 3-tab asphalt shingles, architectural and premium composition shingles, ….

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